Which of the following is considered an evidence-based supplement for athletes?

Creatine is considered an evidence-based supplement for athletes due to a robust body of research supporting its efficacy in enhancing athletic performance, particularly in high-intensity, short-duration activities such as sprinting and weightlifting. Creatine works by increasing the availability of phosphocreatine in muscles, which helps regenerate ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the primary energy carrier in cells. This can lead to improved strength, power, and performance in repeated bouts of high-intensity exercise.

Numerous studies have demonstrated that creatine supplementation can lead to increases in muscle mass, strength gains during resistance training, and improved performance in high-intensity sports. It has a well-established safety profile when used as directed, further solidifying its reputation in the sports science community as an effective ergogenic aid for athletes.

While sugar serves as a simple carbohydrate that can provide energy, it does not have the same scientifically supported role as a specialized supplement for athletic performance enhancement. Coconut oil, although popular for its perceived health benefits, lacks substantial evidence to support its effectiveness as a performance-enhancing supplement in athletic contexts. Calcium is essential for bone health and certain physiological functions, but it is not specifically recognized as an ergogenic aid to enhance athletic performance like creatine is.