What dietary strategy may be beneficial for female athletes according to hormonal cycles?

For female athletes, adjusting macronutrient intake can be particularly beneficial due to the influence of hormonal cycles on metabolism, energy levels, and overall performance. Throughout the menstrual cycle, hormonal fluctuations can affect how a woman's body utilizes nutrients, leading to varying energy needs and nutrient absorption rates.

During certain phases of the cycle, such as the luteal phase, women may experience increased energy expenditure and changes in cravings, which can inform the need for adjustments in carbohydrate and fat intake. Tailoring macronutrient ratios—such as increasing carbohydrates before intense training or performance phases—can help optimize energy availability and recovery. Moreover, incorporating the right types of fats can support hormonal balance, which is crucial for athletic performance and health.

The other options do not consider the specific needs associated with hormonal changes throughout the menstrual cycle. For example, a consistent high glucose diet may not provide the necessary balance across the cycle and may lead to energy crashes. Increased protein consumption, while generally beneficial, does not address the larger context of how carbohydrate and fat intake are impacted by hormonal fluctuations. Lowering calcium intake is counterproductive, as calcium is essential for bone health and muscle function, making it vital for an athlete's performance and well-being, especially in females who may be at