What can cause muscle cramps during physical activity?

Muscle cramps during physical activity are often attributed to dehydration and fatigue. During exercise, particularly in hot conditions or during prolonged activity, the body loses fluids and electrolytes through sweat. This loss can lead to an imbalance, resulting in muscle cramping as the muscles do not receive the necessary hydration and nutrients to function optimally.

Fatigue also plays a significant role as tired muscles are more susceptible to cramping. When the muscles are overworked or pushed beyond their limits, they can enter into a state of spasm, leading to cramps. This combination of dehydration and muscle fatigue is a common cause of cramps across various types of physical activities.

While excessive hydration might seem like it could contribute to cramps by causing discomfort, it does not lead to the same physiological disturbances associated with dehydration. A lack of exercise does not directly cause cramps and may even reduce the risk of experiencing them as muscle conditioning improves. Overstretching muscles could cause discomfort or strains, but it's not primarily a direct cause of cramps during activity; cramps are more closely related to the factors of hydration and muscle fatigue.